Sodium is the predominant electrolyte lost in sweat and has the greatest effect on body fluid balance during exercise. Replacing sodium helps support plasma volume and fluid retention during prolonged or hot-weather training.

Authoritative guidance for endurance exercise recommends fluids with electrolytes (including sodium) to sustain hydration and replace sweat losses during longer sessions.

Inadequate sodium relative to fluid intake can contribute to exercise-associated hyponatremia; prevention emphasizes avoiding over-drinking and matching fluids/electrolytes to losses.

References

1. Baker LB. Sweat electrolyte losses and implications for athletes. Sports Med. 2017.
2. ACSM Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007.
3. Rosner MH. Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia. 2019.

Potassium is the primary intracellular cation. Together with sodium, it helps maintain intracellular fluid and the electrochemical gradients essential for cellular function.

Those gradients—maintained by the sodium–potassium pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase)—are fundamental to nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

Global guidance supports adequate potassium intake for cardiovascular and general health; in hydration products it complements sodium for balanced electrolyte replacement.

References

1. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Potassium (Health Professional Fact Sheet).
2. StatPearls — Physiology, Sodium–Potassium Pump (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase).
3. WHO Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children (2012).

Magnesium is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes and is required for energy production, neuromuscular function, and normal heart rhythm.

Reviews of athlete/exercise data indicate magnesium status can influence performance-related parameters. Some trials and syntheses report benefits for soreness, recovery, and selected performance outcomes when intake/status are inadequate; results vary by population and baseline status.

References

1. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Magnesium.
2. Zhang & Xun. Can Magnesium Enhance Exercise Performance? Nutrients. 2017.
3. Tarsitano et al. Systematic review: magnesium supplementation, soreness, recovery, performance. J Transl Med. 2024.

Stevia leaf extract (steviol glycosides) is a zero-calorie sweetener that has been extensively reviewed and researched. These reviews establish a conservative daily safety benchmark (ADI). Hydrate Pro uses a very small flavoring amount—well below these benchmarks.

Human studies show stevia does not raise post-prandial glucose or insulin and, in some trials, produces small reductions in fasting glucose or blood pressure; effects vary by compound and population.

Studies show stevia doesn’t promote tooth decay like sugar and may slow the growth of cavity-causing plaque.

References

1. EFSA scientific opinion on steviol glycosides (comprehensive safety evaluation).
2. EFSA 2023: safety of fermentation-derived steviol glycosides.
3. JECFA evaluation framework for steviol glycosides and ADI rationale.
4. Onakpoya et al. Meta-analysis of RCTs on glycemic/BP effects. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015.
5. Ferrazzano et al. Non-cariogenic profile of stevia. Molecules. 2016.